Picture from my album

Hi,dear. Today i want to show you pictures from my trip.

After the 9th grade, I and my family decided to return to Yerevan. I and my best friend Lisa decided to join MSKH. From 1 to 3 of July we went camping with our new classmates. Maybe it’s a little bit weird, but I have lived in Armenia for 13 years, and I have never been to Lake Sevan. So it was the first time when I was in the camp there It was strange, new acquaintances, new life, new school. Everything was very good and I loved everyone. Wish I had a trip with this company again. Now when I am studying there over a year, travel a lot and have new good friends, I can say, it’s one of the best times of my life.

Letter

Choose one of the letters and answer back

… Summer is coming and I want to look my best: healthy, energetic and physically fit. So I’m trying to eat plain, simply cooked natural food, have enough sleep at night and I have recently joined our local fitness club. Do you do anything special to stay healthy? What makes people healthy and strong? What do you think about a healthy lifestyle?
By the way, I’m going to spend a month at the seaside this summer…

Hi,dear.I agree with you,i like beautiful and healthy physical form.Its such an aesthetic for me. But i’d like to have a good form all year.I like a balance in food.So, i prefer to cook by myself and i’d like physical exercises. I go for a walk every day with my dog ,we like to run together,it’s always funny)) So i advice you be in balance with yourself and everything will be ok)))
With love, your friend Armine

Listening

https://test-english.com/listening/b1/halloween-history/

Check your answers:

1For the Celts, 31st October was…

  • a. the last day of the year.correct
  • b. a day to be with their families.
  • c. the day they celebrated their music festival.

2That day, the villagers lit big bonfires…

  • a. to communicate with the spirits from the spirit world.
  • b. to attract ghosts.
  • c. to send the ghosts back to their world.correct

3All Saints Day…

  • a. appeared after the Catholic Church had eliminated Samhain (the Celtic celebration).
  • b. was used to transform Samhain into a catholic celebration.correct
  • c. was used to eliminate the belief in reincarnation.

4When the Irish arrived in America, they…

  • a. introduced Halloween there for the first time.correct
  • b. changed the way Halloween was celebrated.
  • c. invented some new traditions, such as bobbing the apple or playing tricks.

5The children wore masks…

  • a. to scare people.
  • b. to pretend they were ghosts.
  • c. to hide their identity.

6The neirhgbours gave candy to the youngsters…

  • a. so that they didn’t vandalise their houses.correct
  • b. in exchange for help with the cleaning.
  • c. because they were poor

Irene’s Sister

This is a story of 19 —, the year that the schools did not open on time, the year that plague descended and caught us as terrified and as defenceless as though we were inhabitants in some medieval city faced with a new and terrible sickness.

I was a child at that time. My friends and I did not understand. We asked questions but the grown-ups were as confused and as frightened as ourselves. “It’s infantile paralysis,” they told us. “It kills you or else it leaves you crippled forever. Don’t go too close to anybody and don’t touch any­thing that a strange child has handled.”

Fear held us so completely that we forgot how to laugh or to play. I can remember lying in bed at night waiting for the disease to strike at me. I had no idea what form it might take and I lay very quietly praying that when next I wished to move my legs or arms I would be able to do so as I had always done in the past.

There was one among us, however, who had no fear of the terrible plague. That girl was Irene Crane. In my mind’s eye I can still see her as she was back there in those difficult days. She was a yellow-haired child with a happy ring to her laughter and the greatest capacity for fun of anyone I’ve ever known. She was the school beauty, popular with teach­ers and pupils alike and if she was not the most intelligent of our group that was easily forgiven for one does not ex­pect to find genius in a flower.

Irene had a sister who was a year younger. Her mother called her Caroline, but outside the house she was known simply as Irene’s sister. It was natural for her to be Irene’s sister just as it was natural for us to be a nameless group of girls known as Irene’s friends. Irene was the center of our small world and we revolved about her brilliance and asked for no recognition for ourselves. Irene’s sister, conscious of her inability to compete with the beauty and enhancing manner of Irene, was perfectly content to be only a pale reflection of our yellow-haired commander.

Only once were we unable to think with Irene. That was when she said: “I’m not scared of that infantile paralysis. We won’t get it. You’ll see. None of us will.”

We were ashamed of our fears but there they were just the same.

I can remember the day that we all went over to Ginny Smith’s house for games and light refreshments. For our health’s sake, the grown-ups looked upon the party with some doubts, but for the good of our morale they consented.

“After all,” they said to one another, “it’s the same group of girls who see each other almost every day anyway. It’ll be all right.”

“It’s the same group except for Irene’s sister.” She hadn’t been invited because she was not in our grade at school and Ginny Smith hadn’t known that Irene had a sister.

“It doesn’t matter,” Irene said. “Caroline isn’t feeling well. She has an upset stomach, I guess.”

The games were fun, the food was wonderful, we thought. It had been a beautiful day in which we all seemed to forget for a while that something strange and terrible walked everywhere about us beyond the pleasant comfort of Ginny Smith’s house. We were just collecting our hats and coats, ready to leave, and thanking Ginny for a lovely day when the phone rang.

I can still see Ginny Smith’s mother as she stood talking on that phone. I can see the look of horror that appeared upon her face. I can still see the tears that were in her eyes when she hung up the receiver and turned to face us.

“Irene,” she said in a choked voice, “that was your mother. Your sister has infantile paralysis. You can’t go home. You’ll have to stay here.” There was a horrible pause. Then, “It’s too late for us to be afraid of you, child. You’ve been here all day.”

We went away without touching Irene, some of us with­out speaking to her. The plague had reached out and struck at us. We hurried home afraid of each other, ashamed of our fear and unable to keep back the thought that tomorrow we would all be attacked by death or lameness.

Irene stayed with the Smiths’, I suppose. I don’t know. I hurried home and wrote at once to my father. It must have been an emotional, crazy little letter in which I begged him to come and get me and take me to safety somewhere, anywhere. I did not know that the plague was widespread. I thought it was just in our town. Anyway my father came and took me away. I went happily, thankfully, but I did not know as I went that it would be fifteen years before I ever saw that town again.

I was a woman when I returned to visit and the first night I was back I was surprised to find that my hostess’s living room was decorated as though for a party.

“Just the old group,” she explained, “and their husbands. You remember Ginny Smith, Lila Day, the Crane girls and that group.”

A strange feeling of terror ran through me at the mention of the Crane girls. I was a child again frightened before a terrible mysterious force that wanted to kill me.

“I remember them all,” I said. “How are the Crane girls?” “The same as ever, just exactly the same. One popular and one a complete failure.”

“It’s cruel to say that,” I protested. “Caroline had paral­ysis. How can you expect her to be—”

“But it’s Irene who’s the failure. She’s silly. Remember how she used to laugh and play jokes all the time? She’s still the same, but now everything she says sounds a little silly. But you can’t invite Caroline without inviting Irene so we-”

“But is Caroline well?”

“Of course she is. She had good care and good sense used on her and she’s as fine as anyone. A lot finer, I guess. She went through so much pain and suffering that she has more depth and understanding than most people. She’s so strong and dependable. Of course she thanks her doctor and her nurse and her mother for everything and they say that it was Caroline’s patience and courage that helped them to help her. Wait till you see her. She’s—”

It was at that moment that the doorbell rang and that my hostess’s mother, who was looking out of an upstairs win­dow, called to us. I’ll never forget her words. She called, “Daughter, go to the door. It’s Caroline’s sister.”

My hostess looked at me and laughed. “What did I tell you?” she said.

Answer the question and do the ex-es

Of what “plague” is the author speaking in this story?

2. Why was Irene Crane so popular as a child?
She was popular,because she was so beautiful and brave,She got ruled everyone.

3. Why was Irene’s sister Caroline always referred to, out­side of her home, simply as Irene’s sister?
Caroline was just like Irenes shadow,Irene was main .

4. Was Irene’s sister jealous of Irene’s popularity or was she content to be only a “pale reflection” of her more popular sister?
Irene’s sister, conscious of her inability to compete with the beauty and enhancing manner of Irene, was perfectly content to be only a pale reflection of our yellow-haired commander.

5. Why did the grown-ups look with some doubts upon the party at Ginny Smith’s house?
Because they hear about Caroline’s illness

6. Why hadn’t Irene’s sister been invited to this party?
Because she did not study at their school and Ginny Smith hadn’t known that Irene had a sister.

7. Just as the girls were leaving the party, what sad mes­sage did Mrs. Smith receive by phone?
Iren’s mom called and said ,that Iren’s sister had infantile paralysis. 

8. Why did the author write to her father asking him to take her away from this town?
Because she was afraid of illness

9. When, finally, did she return to this town?
She was woman,when he come back to the town

10. What changes had occurred in the Crane girls in the meantime?
Irene became a shy and silly girl,Caronile had changed her illness,she became very strong woman

Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Match the word in the left-hand column with its OPPOSITE in the right-hand column:

1. popular ___________unpopular

2. happy ___________ sad

3. late ___________ early

4. strong ___________ weak

5. upstairs ___________ downstairs

6. true ___________ false

7. lower ___________ higher

8. hard ___________ soft

9. lost ___________ found

10. dirty ___________ clean

Use the following expressions in sentences of your own:

1. be known as-She was known as the prettiest girl in the school
2in the past -What happened to this girl in the past
3be ashamed of-This little girl is ashamed of dirty t-shirt
4for the good of -The lie was good for that moment
5hang up -He already hanged up and say everything
6after all-After all she was obsessed of everything
7all day-She stayed at home all day

Reading

A good night’s sleep — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days — and, increasingly, nights — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-the-clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. “People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange,” says one of them. “It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude”. Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-to-5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-hour credit-card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as “therapeutic caffeine use”, but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.

Questions

1What experts recommend for a good sleep?
2What factors affect for a bad sleep?
3What will happen if you have a less sleep?
4What measures should be taken against less sleep?
5 How experts explain less sleep?

test English

Dear Ms Collins,

I am writing 1 to express Correct (express) my interest in the position of Personal Assistant advertised in the newspaper last week. I am proficient at 2 typing Correct (type), and I know how 3 to use Correct (use) most word-processing software. I also have excellent organisational abilities as I used 4 to work Correct (work) for a very big company as an event planner. I always tend 5 to look Correct (look) forward to new challenges that can make me 6 grow Correct (grow) in my position. I enjoy 7 working Correct(work) with people, I am flexible, and I don’t mind 8 working Correct (work) overtime. As you can see from the attached letters of reference, my previous employers considered me to be a skilled secretary. I would be pleased 9 to extend Correct (extend) my career by working for a prestigious company like HTM.

I look forward to 10 hearing Correct (hear) from you.

Gerund and Infinitive

Put in the infinitive or the -ing form of the verb in brackets.
1. I was overjoyed seeing you at the party.
2. The nuclear station is not likely blow up although it may shut down.
3. Janice was sad to see such poverty when she visited India.
4. It’s possible to work all day without being disturbed.
5. You are free to leave any time you want to.
6. You should be able to practise singing every day.
7. Scientists are hoping to discover a new chemical element.
8. I don’t mind people asking me questions.
9. He works too slowly to be any use to me.
10. He can ‘t stand waiting for other people.
11. I guess there is no point to sit around here any longer.
12. The lemonade was cool enough for us to drink .
13. Please stop interrupting me when I am trying to explain something.
14. I’ve forgotten to buy flowers for my girlfriend’s birthday.
15. I simply can’t afford wasting time trying to explain this to you.
16. The thief admitted enteringthe house but says he didn’t take anything.
17. I don’t really fancy spending my holidays in Spain.
18. I apologised to her but she refused to accept) it.
19. He offered to help me to repair my motorcycle.
20. Why does John keep writing to you?

Complete the sentences with either the infinitive or -ing form.
1. It is difficult to find a place to park in this town.
2. Peter prefers driving rather than travel1ing by train.
3. It’s time to clean this kitchen.
4. She was sitting in her armchair and watching television.
5. I can’t help falling in love with you.
6. I’ve given up trying to communicate with John.
7. There is no point to spend too long on the individual questions.
8. She used to to say she would return to her job when the children grew up.
9. If you put off explaining it to her, then it will only become worse.
10. Many dream of wining the lottery so that they never have to work again.

Complete the report by putting the verbs in the correct form, using ing or to.

Swimmer abandons Channel swim
James Forsyth has decided (1)to abandon his second attempt at
(2)swimming the English Channel after (3)breaking his ankle in a
cycling accident. His decision (4) to postpone this attempt came after a two
week holiday (5)mountainbiking in Majorca with his wife. His first attempt
was also unsuccessful and he is unlikely (6)being back training for quite a few
months. He said in a recent interview that he had not yet decided whether
(7)to try one more time, but denies (8) losing total interest in
the project. ‘I aim (9) raising money for a local charity’ he explained. He
continued by (10)saying that if he could manage (11)to find theime, he would do a lot more charity work.

Translating

Extreme Weather in Britain – level 2

Extreme Weather in Britain

06-03-2019 15:00

Last February, it was very cold in Britain when the temperature dropped to -8.9° Celsius in the southern parts of the country. The cold brought disruptions and it even froze famous fountains in London.

However, last week was quite the opposite of that, as last Monday was the warmest February day on record. The temperature was as high as 21.2° Celsius.

Difficult words: disruption (a problem).

Անցյալ փետրվարին Բրիտանիայում շատ ցուրտ էր,երկրի հարավային մասերում ջերմաստիճանը իջել էր մինչև -8,9 ° C: Ցուրտը բերեց խանգարումներ, սառել էին Լոնդոնի հայտնի աղբյուրները:
Բայց անցած շաբաթ լրիվ հակառակն էր, քանի որ անցած երկուշաբթի օրը գրանցվել էր ռեկորդային ամենաշոգ փետրվարյան օրը: Ջերմաստիճանը հասնում էր 21.2 ° C:

It was just a simple day, but it changed my life…

i had a good friend,Her name was Amelia.She had an argue with our classmate.Her name was Jane.She had red hair and her lips were always red. They didn’t like each other.One day Amelia decided to play a trick on her head.I had to help her with that because we were best friends .Jane had phobia,darkness.We decided to lure her in the basement and to close the door.It was nightmare for her and she was screaming. Nobody heard her and helped her. At last somebody found her and helped. After that case she became mad and the doctors said that she had mental illness.

On that day Jane’s brother had noticed Amelia , when she was stealing the key but at that time Amelia wanted to accuse Jane’s brother in that awful story.

Amelia and Jane’s brother were in police center after doctor’s words.Nobody noticed me there.
The conscience tormented me for a long time, and at last I went and told the police the truth. I told them whose idea it was how it turned out . I wasn’t punished so hard, But Amelia went to the prison for 3 month, because several of her crimes came out .At that time i was shocked, because I didn’t know what kind of person she was.

Past modals

4B
a
1. Ben must have read my email.I sent it yesterday.
2. Holly’s crying.She might have had an argument with her boyfriend.
3. Sam and Ginny can’t have got lost. They had map.
4. You can’t have seen Ellie yesterday .She was in bed with flu.
5. John might not have heard you .You know he’s a bit deaf.
6. Lucy must have bought a new car .I saw her driving a Mercedes!
7. Alex can’t have been very ill .He was only off for one day.
8. They didn’t come to our party.They might not have receive the invitation.

b
1. You should have learnt some French before you went.
2. You should have saved it on your mobile phone .
3. He shouldn’t have gone by car .The train is much faster .
4. You shouldn’t have invited her .She’s always like that.
5. You shouldn’t have bought so many shoes.Do you need three pairs?
6. I know.I should have gone to bed earlier.

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